The study of medicine as an object of critical analysis is a rapidly growing and exciting subfield in both history and anthropology. In English-language scholarship, the biggest conceptual leaps appear in works that analyze post-colonial spaces in Africa, Asia and the Americas, and engage with—and critique—the methodological and theoretical tools of postcolonialism, poststructuralism, governmentality, subaltern studies, Science and Technology Studies (STS), and sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK). We will read and discuss recent and renowned works.